Purpose: Food security is a critical global challenge that is influenced by research and innovation in the field. Therefore, the objective of this study is to analyze the scientific output of developing countries in food security and examine its relationship with patents and Gross Domestic Product (GDP).Methodology: This applied research utilized the Scientometric approach. A total of 8,416 papers published between 1992-2023 in the field of food security by developing countries were included in the study using citation databases from Clarivate Analytics. Additionally, patent registrations from the WIPO database and GDP data from the World Bank were analyzed. Information was collected through note-taking, and the data was analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient.Findings: The findings reveal an upward trend in the publication and citation of scientific outputs related to food security in developing countries. China has higher numbers of papers, patents, GDP, and food production index compared to Iran, Japan, and South Korea. There is also a positive correlation observed between population and the number of papers, gross production and the number of papers, food production and the number of published papers, as well as the number of patents and papers citing scientific outputs of countries.Conclusion: These results highlight the significant relationship between increasing scientific output, GDP, the number of patents, and food security. Greater emphasis on food security contributes to enhanced scientific output, GDP, and innovation. Similarly, increasing scientific output, GDP, and innovation positively impact food security in countries.Value: This study emphasizes the importance of scientific outputs in driving technological advancements, innovations, and ultimately, ensuring food security in developing countries.

Food security can be defined as “access of all people to sufficient and safe food at any time to have active and healthy life”. Indeed, focusing on sufficiency and the health of AGRICULTURAL products as two major aspects of food security leading to the prevention of diseases incidence are important while changing the current therapeutic approach in the country. The food supply chain includes three successive sub-chains namely production of AGRICULTURAL inputs commodities, production of AGRICULTURAL goods and production of food. BIOTECHNOLOGY is mainly applicable in the first sub-chain for supplying healthy AGRICULTURAL inputs commodities which affects the quality and health of the final products and environment preservation. The state government could help the improvement of the health level by supporting the internal capabilities through encouraging the use of modern BIOTECHNOLOGY for production of safe and qualified AGRICULTURAL products. Of course, establishing safe food chain encounters obstacles that are the subject of this study. Having reviewed the existing problems, suggestions are made to resolve them by implementing AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY warranted by the current laws and regulations.

The purpose followed in this study was to analyze barriers of agriculture BIOTECHNOLOGY development in Iran. The research method was a descriptive and correlational one. The statistical population consisted of AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY specialists in the Tehran Province of whom N=108 were taken through census method to take part in the study. Finally 85 questionnaires (research instrument) were collected and analyzed. The instrument face and content validities were corrected and confirmed as based on the judgment of a panel of experts in AGRICULTURAL extension and education and as well in BIOTECHNOLOGY. Reliability confirmation of the questionnaire was achieved, through an Alpha value reported as 0.88. The results of factor analysis regarding variations in barriers of AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY development could finally be explained by four factors of: managerial (29.12%), extension and information barriers (23.88%), scientific- educational obstacles (14.06%), and finally legally imposed barriers (10.53%).

Background and Aim: Claim for damages of AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY on Fault-based liability system in practice lead to Lack of compensation in most cases because of the difficulty of proving fault Due to the complex nature of the production and supply of GM crops. For this reason, in Recent years have been wide global debate about whether AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY should be covered by a special liability regime. Materials and Methods: This research is of theoretical type and the research method is descriptive-analytical and the method of data collection is library and has been done by referring to documents, books and articles. Results: In Iranian law, some efforts have been made to enforce a special civil liability system for the production and supply of transgenic products but unfortunately, despite envisaging Strict Liability in the initial bills, In the final enactment of the Biosafety Act, compensation for transgenic crops was placed under the general rules of civil liability and the theory of fault-based liability. Ethical considerations: In order to organize this research, while observing the authenticity of the texts, honesty and fidelity have been observed. Conclusion: Due to the rapid changes that have occurred in AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY it is better to use a strict liability Regime for damages caused by GM crops Because strict liability system by removing the obligation to prove negligence led to easier redress claims.

The amount of AGRICULTURAL waste generated by agro-based industries such as palm oil, rubber, and wood processing plants have more than tripled. Selangor, Perak, and Johor account for 65. 7 percent of the total number of recognised pollution sources in the manufacturing and agro-based sectors. Livestock dung is another major cause of pollution, contributing significantly to increase pollution levels in the environment. Large portion of agro-industrial waste is untreated and unused, it is frequently disposed of by replicating or dumping then again off the cuff landfilling. These untreated wastes wreak havoc on natural change by releasing ozone-depleting chemicals. Aside from that, the usage of fossil fuels is also leading to an increase in ozone-depleting compounds. Agro-waste is a huge environmental hazard in the current epidemic situation. The management of agro-waste and the conversion of agro-waste into a usable product through the application of biotechnological technologies in agriculture are receiving a lot of attention in today’, s world. Solid state fermentation is the finest approach for converting agro-waste into valuable bio products among biotechnological instruments. Various agro-wastes such as wheat straw, barley straw, cotton stalks, sunflower stacks, and oil cakes from various agriculture goods, as well as major horticulture wastes such as apple, mango, orange peels, and potato peels, were used to create beneficial products in this review. All aspects of the production of industrial products from various agro-waste by using microorganisms such as Amycolatopsis Mediterranean, Xanthomonas campestries, and Aspergillus niger producing biopolymers such as polysaccharides, similar to starch, cellulose, agar, hemi-celluloses, gelatin, alginate, and carrageenan are covered in the current revels. Yeasts and cyanobacteria are commonly employed to make bio-lipids, whereas Bacillus species are utilised to make proteins and bio-enzymes. Cucumber and orange strips, on the other hand, have recently been employed to create proteins and bio-enzymes. As a result, this review covers the many forms of agro-wastes and their by-products as well as biotechnological technologies used to treat them.

Today improving attitudes towards environmental issues and considering it as one of the national capitals, leads to the use of BIOTECHNOLOGY in order to achieve sustainable development goals. The purpose of this cause-correlation study was to analyze viewpoint of BIOTECHNOLOGY specialists toward the role of education, extension and information in AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY development. The statistical population consisted of BIOTECHNOLOGY specialists involved in academic and research institutes at Tehran Province (N=97) from 85 specialists were randomly selected based on Krejcie and Morgan sampling table. The instrument face and content validity was verified by a panel of AGRICULTURAL extension and education and BIOTECHNOLOGY specialists. A reliability analysis of questionnaire was determined through ordinal alpha coefficient (0.71-0.86). Descriptive results of the research showed that majority of specialists’ perception (57.6%) toward AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY development were at the moderate level (Mean: 3.60). Correlation analysis showed that there was a positive and significant correlation (p=.01) between variables include: education, information, AGRICULTURAL extension and respondents’ viewpoint toward AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY development. Calculating ordinal regression indicated that variables such as education, AGRICULTURAL extension and information could explain 32% the odds of respondents’ viewpoint variance toward AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY development.

The purpose of this descriptive-correlation study was to identify factors performing development of BIOTECHNOLOGY in AGRICULTURAL sector of Iran. The research instrument was structural questionnaire with close-ended questions, which its validity and reliability was confirmed. The target population of this study consisted of all AGRICULTURAL organization staff, Alborz province (N=196) out of that, according to Krejcie d Morgan’ table, a number of 126 people were selected using statistical sampling in a stratified randomization method. Finally, 123 questionnaires were gathered and analyzed (n=123). Results indicated that compatibility was the most important indicators for development of BIOTECHNOLOGY in AGRICULTURAL sector of Iran. Furthermore, economic, information-related, extension-education, and government’s policy factors were the major factors performing development of BIOTECHNOLOGY in AGRICULTURAL sector of Iran, respectively. There was a statistically significant relationship between economic, extension-education, and privatization factors performing development of BIOTECHNOLOGY and the amount of development of BIOTECHNOLOGY in AGRICULTURAL sector of Iran. The results of the stepwise regression revealed that 32.30 percent of variability in development of BIOTECHNOLOGY in AGRICULTURAL sector of Iran stemmed from “economic, extension-education, and privatization factors”, that extension-education factor had been more role.

AGRICULTURAL experts in the field of BIOTECHNOLOGY in Iran were surveyed in order to explore their perception about factors affecting the partnership between public and private sector in developing AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY. The research population included AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY experts in the public and private sectors (N=66). A series of in-depth interviews were conducted with some BIOTECHNOLOGY experts in the Ministry of Agriculture and AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY Research Institute to examine the validity of questionnaire. A questionnaire was developed based on these interviews and relevant literature. The data collected by interviewing the respondents and analyzed by using factor analysis technique. To determine the appropriateness of data and measure the homogeneity of variables, the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) and Bartlett’s test measures were applied. KMO amount and meaningful level of Bartlett test for policy making and economic factors shows that they are very suitable for factorial analysis. Based on the results of study, intellectual property rights and allocating low interest rate financial facilities to private companies affected the partnership between public and private sector.